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馬紅俊:江西第一個狀元盧肇","newsTime":"2022-11-04 22:53:25","wemediaEAccountId":"","source":"翻開江西這本書","sourceUrl":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=Mzg4MDU2NjkyMw==&mid=2247488081&idx=1&sn=4c2e9a57f9731782ce5527e33bb6cdc1&chksm=cf7265b5f805eca32659e1144f42f75adeb6c4e1dd9dc7f46eb3a9c21bdf56df7d3df2110a2c&mpshare=1&scene=1&srcid=11038PfzZcNtn6lqxSOFYBMX&sharer_sharetime=1667438534101&sharer_shareid=b2c0b5f60251d9b9a57cd8a42f051195&key=50d607aa5ddda88e24b0753555446e3f4d7518ad1dfb777122873e54cb79ff190f19047b0460170f78b065e85cc76493aa772b3e08345178b0ab7d87b03a008d83807479acffc579f6d76be0ccfdcf838dc13f2144bb26f31406975d8e7a0de9c86f687a1a8302252549d466f37d71d47a6b648cdffc6b1a734ab794442a882e&ascene=1&uin=MjIwMDA0MTQxNg%3D%3D&devicetype=Windows-QQBrowser&version=6103000b&lang=zh_CN&exportkey=n_ChQIAhIQj7jOJd2FMeZVOnGyXkexghLjAQIE97dBBAEAAAAAAH8YNubPmTsAAAAOpnltbLcz9gKNyK89dVj09by847wFlbrcP7ALWwDGlTwbntfVAEfexXGx6vC7Yh5NcQb%2BC0GCMv50ZmbxKUoYr7ARGoT6RiRDggbKbAOj%2Fx5PyR8vR6k0i7gfeeDUHUVGCbIm8Pi9goNDQMz4JQEsSwJJEg8V89%2FJYqb42I66qXBZDnIkmc%2BJ6ICLDuysc0P1VSa6mYjWSFY9lnWnipNiPWWtwa0nFvYzI5Al48dqGr0CgtQ4ZXvzP%2F5gIoA%2B%2F7nurr1XumcQ","author":"","summary":"朱虹 馬紅俊:江西第一個狀元盧肇","imagesInContent":[{"size":759,"width":966,"url":"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/86AC8C0A09CD1716563917E6F7F18257DA521545_size759_w966_h553.png","height":553},{"size":106,"width":376,"url":"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/2CE0843498DA22F30F8A0D1035C8FDD18F3561CD_size106_w376_h532.png","height":532},{"size":189,"width":270,"url":"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/0EA8B2999ED54BAEE048E91CCD13F51322FA10EB_size189_w270_h377.png","height":377},{"size":232,"width":560,"url":"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/AF3050769594A1252230EA55F0C5FA9E9D0EC0A9_size232_w560_h375.png","height":375},{"size":141,"width":517,"url":"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/802512C562B94E9CB0C0F97E4A17CDB49AED8AD3_size141_w517_h278.png","height":278},{"size":918,"width":658,"url":"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/8C7CCF7ACBA98EE26095C88855890169B672F0EF_size918_w658_h1192.jpg","height":1192},{"size":1030,"width":676,"url":"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/CA6F3A85174D00FCBA853104BCE3F823C7AF12AB_size1030_w676_h1324.jpg","height":1324},{"size":615,"width":662,"url":"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/9C4EA5DCF75266493FA9C31FB0A2F41274E689B9_size615_w662_h792.jpg","height":792}],"bdImg":"http://d.ifengimg.com/w121_h75_q90/x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/86AC8C0A09CD1716563917E6F7F18257DA521545_size759_w966_h553.png","pcUrl":"http://uc737.com/c/8KcGFWKpgnz","url":"http://uc737.com/c/8KcGFWKpgnz","commentUrl":"ucms_8KcGFWKpgnz","skey":"5ed538","voteId":"ucms_8KcGFWKpgnz","isOriginal":"0","contentData":{"contentList":[{"data":"\u003cp class=\"detailPic\">\u003cimg src=\"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/86AC8C0A09CD1716563917E6F7F18257DA521545_size759_w966_h553.png\" alt=\"朱虹 馬紅俊:江西第一個狀元盧肇\" />\u003c/p>\u003cp>盧肇(818-882年),字子發,江西宜春文標鄉(現屬分宜)人,唐會昌三年(843年)狀元,也是江西第一個狀元。他先后在歙州、宣州、池州、吉州做過刺史,雖為宰相李德裕的得意門生,但卻從未介入“牛李黨爭”,始終為官清廉、勤政愛民、施政有方、官聲甚好,并以文章著稱,為百姓所擁戴、后人所敬仰。\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>寒窗苦讀\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>盧肇出身寒門,祖上曾是名門望族,屬范陽盧氏一支,先祖盧植是東漢末年一代名儒中郎將、官拜尚書,曾當過蜀國皇帝劉備的老師。盧植的21代孫盧挺在唐德宗年間到袁州當刺史,晚年落戶并隱居在袁州文標鄉。盧挺的兒子盧顯春以耕讀傳家,之后家道中落,到盧肇父親這一代已徹底破敗,其父盧華庭以種田、教書為生。\u003c/p>\u003cp>公元818年,盧肇就出生在這么一個破落的家庭。他自幼聰慧好學,五歲開始讀書,開悟較早。其從小就立志于科舉考試,希望出人頭地。因家境貧寒,盧肇無法專注于書本,白天他要與兄弟一起砍柴、種地,晚上才有時間讀書。沒錢買油點燈,盧肇就用竹篾片點火照明,每當要 打瞌睡時,他就學古人頭懸梁錐刺股。這些在他的《進海潮賦狀》中就有體現:“臣伏念為業之 初,家空四壁。夜無脂燭,則爇薪蘇;睡恨冥頑,亦嘗懸刺。”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>一舉成名\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>不是一番寒徹骨,怎得梅花撲鼻香。十年窗下無人問,一舉成名天下知。這首出自元末詩人高明《琵琶記》的詩詞,正是盧肇的真實寫照。\u003c/p>\u003cp>盧肇一生勤奮好學,遍讀詩詞歌賦、經史子集。在求學的道路上,他走遍了袁州的山山水水,無論是鄉村還是鬧市,到處留下了他求學的足跡。現今的宜春城東狀元州有盧肇讀書舊址,城西南六十里龍髻嶺書堂山有盧肇讀書處,樟樹蕭灘、新余鐘山都有盧肇讀書臺,臺下袁水還有盧肇讀書潭。\u003c/p>\u003cp>武宗會昌三年 (843 年),盧肇進京趕考,高中狀元。當時唐朝科舉考試錄取的名額有限,與盧肇同榜進士者僅22人,而盧肇能夠高居榜首,狀元及第,足以顯示其才華卓越。 為此,盧肇還作了一首詩,曰: “桂在蟾宮不可攀,功成業熟也何難。 今朝折得東歸去,共與鄉 閭 年少看。 ”\u003c/p>\u003cp>盧肇在分宜周圍各縣的遺跡有很多,其中最為人們津津樂道者屬狀元洲,又名盧洲,座落于今宜春城東秀江橋下水中。相傳盧肇在狀元洲讀書時,曾挖了一個很大的池子,用來洗滌筆墨,由于他勤奮異常,竟把這一池水都染成了大墨缸。\u003c/p>\u003cp>明朝萬歷四十三年(1615年),袁州府市民捐資興建了一座“三元閣”,用以紀念狀元盧肇、易重,會元黃子澄,解元易宏器(亦分宜人,明嘉靖二十五年鄉試第一名)四人。萬歷四十六年,知府黃鳴喬又在“三元閣”基礎上興建了“文標閣”,專祀盧肇,后毀于戰禍。清乾隆二十四年重建,還增題二匾額,一曰“秀水文瀾”,一曰“江山文藻”。因此,狀元洲曾譽為“蓬萊”仙島,清人劉長發有詩為證:“一簇寒煙鎖碧流,野僧乘月渡扁舟;人間莫訝無仙島,又見蓬萊第幾洲?”\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"textAlignCenter detailPic\">\u003cimg src=\"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/2CE0843498DA22F30F8A0D1035C8FDD18F3561CD_size106_w376_h532.png\" alt=\"朱虹 馬紅俊:江西第一個狀元盧肇\" />\u003c/p>\u003cp>盧肇的成功除了自身的天賦和勤奮以外,自然離不開名師的教導。唐大和九年(835年),李德裕被貶為袁州刺史,甚是抑郁。時盧肇卻很尊重李德裕,經常投以文卷,請他指點。李刺史對盧肇也很賞識和器重,以弟子師之,經常教他攻讀、作文。后李德裕被赦返朝,官復宰相,然盧肇高中狀元后,卻疏于與李德裕接觸,即使閑居在家多年,他也不肯靠走動人情,求助“恩師”提攜出來做官。盧肇心里自有一套為官做人的標準,正如他的詩文一樣:“誰人得似牧童心,牛上橫眠秋聽深。時復往來吹一曲,何愁南北不知音。”即使在后來的“牛李黨爭”中,盧肇也未曾“奔走于形勢之途”,但也因此未卷入朋黨之爭而遠離禍害之中。所以,世人非常欣賞他的凜然氣節,佩服他有遠見之明。\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"textAlignCenter detailPic\">\u003cimg src=\"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/0EA8B2999ED54BAEE048E91CCD13F51322FA10EB_size189_w270_h377.png\" alt=\"▲韓愈畫像\" />\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"textAlignCenter picIntro\">▲韓愈畫像\u003c/p>\u003cp>另一個對盧肇起重要影響的人物就是韓愈。公元820年,韓愈被朝廷貶到袁州當刺史,他在袁州的任上做了三件事:一是釋放奴婢;二是赴仰山求雨;三是興教辦學。在這三件事中,對盧肇影響最大的就是興教辦學,請先生、建學校,重視對縣學、府學的管理,強調儒家經典的傳播。\u003c/p>\u003cp>從這個意義上說,落后、封閉、濕熱、缺少文化的偏僻地區袁州,由于來了一個大文化人韓愈,并且力推教化、興學重教,直接推動了袁州的教育和文化的興盛。\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>錦繡詩文\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>會昌二年,盧肇和黃頗進京趕考,二人為同窗且都是舉人,皆為袁州的俊杰。當時的袁州刺史是一個嫌貧愛富又見風使舵的人,他見盧肇家境貧困,而黃家卻是當地的豪族,便有意拉攏黃頗,為其一人設宴餞行,卻把盧肇冷落在一旁。盧肇不堪受辱,獨自一人進京趕考。誰知第二年科舉考試完畢,結果盧肇中了狀元,等他披紅掛彩回到袁州時,善于鉆營的刺史馬上又來討好盧肇,并于端午節那天在秀江河畔大擺接風宴。\u003c/p>\u003cp>后來,盧肇作了一首詩,曰:“石溪久住思端午,館驛樓前看發機。鼙鼓動時雷隱隱,獸頭凌處雪微微。沖波突出人齊譀,躍浪爭先鳥退飛。向道是龍剛不信,果然奪得錦標歸。”這首詩表面上看是寫端午節龍舟競渡的場面,實則是諷刺袁州刺史嫌貧愛富的丑陋嘴臉,刺史看了此詩后,羞愧不已。\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"textAlignCenter detailPic\">\u003cimg src=\"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/AF3050769594A1252230EA55F0C5FA9E9D0EC0A9_size232_w560_h375.png\" alt=\"▲競渡詩(唐朝 盧肇)(四尺長幅)反白\" />\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"textAlignCenter picIntro\">▲競渡詩(唐朝 盧肇)(四尺長幅)反白\u003c/p>\u003cp>縱觀盧肇一生,并未因高中狀元而官運亨通,終其一生也只做了歙州、宣州、池州、吉州刺史,充其量不過四品而已。他雖然未能以狀元之榮得到重用,但他為官清廉得到了老百姓的愛戴。\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"textAlignCenter detailPic\">\u003cimg src=\"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/802512C562B94E9CB0C0F97E4A17CDB49AED8AD3_size141_w517_h278.png\" alt=\"▲盧肇賦詩圖\" />\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"textAlignCenter picIntro\">▲盧肇賦詩圖\u003c/p>\u003cp>盧肇為政之余,勤于筆耕,一生著述甚多,《新唐書·藝文志》輯錄其《海潮賦》一卷、《通屈賦》一卷、《大統賦注》二卷;《郡齋讀書志》有《文標集》三卷;著有《愈風集》《廟堂龜鑒》《盧子史錄》《逸史》《李謩》等一百余卷。著述中比較著名的有《海潮賦》《天河賦》《漢堤詩》等。\u003c/p>\u003cp>在盧肇諸多的作品中,現僅存《文標集》于世,其中包括了他的詩賦和散文。盧肇的書法也寫得很不錯,主要承自韓愈的“撥燈法”,他曾告訴他的弟子林蘊:“吾昔受教于韓吏部,其法曰‘撥燈’,今將授子,子勿妄傳,推、拖、撚、拽是也。訣盡于此,子其旨而味乎!。”\u003c/p>\u003cp>盧肇的文學作品對后世影響力最大的就屬《海潮賦》,他觀日月之運,察盈虛之理而作的《海潮賦》,篇幅巨大,像漢賦汪洋恣肆,文采華麗,波瀾壯闊,足成一家之言,以祛千載之惑。此賦一出,沸傳朝野,唐懿宗賜敕嘉獎,宣付史官傳之萬世。他的道德文章為后世歷代文人所推崇,說袁州“學者不志于古人則已,倘有志焉,舍子發(盧肇)其誰與歸?”“袁之文章節義自肇起”。\u003c/p>\u003cp>附:江西歷代科舉文科鼎甲表\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"detailPic\">\u003cimg src=\"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/8C7CCF7ACBA98EE26095C88855890169B672F0EF_size918_w658_h1192.jpg\" alt=\"朱虹 馬紅俊:江西第一個狀元盧肇\" />\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"detailPic\">\u003cimg src=\"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/CA6F3A85174D00FCBA853104BCE3F823C7AF12AB_size1030_w676_h1324.jpg\" alt=\"朱虹 馬紅俊:江西第一個狀元盧肇\" />\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"detailPic\">\u003cimg src=\"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_45/9C4EA5DCF75266493FA9C31FB0A2F41274E689B9_size615_w662_h792.jpg\" alt=\"朱虹 馬紅俊:江西第一個狀元盧肇\" />\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>推薦閱讀\u003c/strong>\u003cbr />\u003c/p>\u003cp>?\u003ca href=\"http://uc737.com/c/8K3RQi9G7Az\" target=\"_blank\" ifengapp-data=\"%7B%22ucmsId%22%3A%228K3RQi9G7Az%22%2C%22docType%22%3A%22article%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22UcmsDoc%22%7D\">朱虹:打開講好海昏侯故事另一扇窗\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>?\u003ca href=\"http://uc737.com/c/8K4c56qmr64\" target=\"_blank\" ifengapp-data=\"%7B%22ucmsId%22%3A%228K4c56qmr64%22%2C%22docType%22%3A%22article%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22UcmsDoc%22%7D\">朱虹 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for (var i = 0,len = adKeys.length; i 盧肇(818-882年),字子發,江西宜春文標鄉(現屬分宜)人,唐會昌三年(843年)狀元,也是江西第一個狀元。他先后在歙州、宣州、池州、吉州做過刺史,雖為宰相李德裕的得意門生,但卻從未介入“牛李黨爭”,始終為官清廉、勤政愛民、施政有方、官聲甚好,并以文章著稱,為百姓所擁戴、后人所敬仰。 寒窗苦讀 盧肇出身寒門,祖上曾是名門望族,屬范陽盧氏一支,先祖盧植是東漢末年一代名儒中郎將、官拜尚書,曾當過蜀國皇帝劉備的老師。盧植的21代孫盧挺在唐德宗年間到袁州當刺史,晚年落戶并隱居在袁州文標鄉。盧挺的兒子盧顯春以耕讀傳家,之后家道中落,到盧肇父親這一代已徹底破敗,其父盧華庭以種田、教書為生。 公元818年,盧肇就出生在這么一個破落的家庭。他自幼聰慧好學,五歲開始讀書,開悟較早。其從小就立志于科舉考試,希望出人頭地。因家境貧寒,盧肇無法專注于書本,白天他要與兄弟一起砍柴、種地,晚上才有時間讀書。沒錢買油點燈,盧肇就用竹篾片點火照明,每當要 打瞌睡時,他就學古人頭懸梁錐刺股。這些在他的《進海潮賦狀》中就有體現:“臣伏念為業之 初,家空四壁。夜無脂燭,則爇薪蘇;睡恨冥頑,亦嘗懸刺。” 一舉成名 不是一番寒徹骨,怎得梅花撲鼻香。十年窗下無人問,一舉成名天下知。這首出自元末詩人高明《琵琶記》的詩詞,正是盧肇的真實寫照。 盧肇一生勤奮好學,遍讀詩詞歌賦、經史子集。在求學的道路上,他走遍了袁州的山山水水,無論是鄉村還是鬧市,到處留下了他求學的足跡。現今的宜春城東狀元州有盧肇讀書舊址,城西南六十里龍髻嶺書堂山有盧肇讀書處,樟樹蕭灘、新余鐘山都有盧肇讀書臺,臺下袁水還有盧肇讀書潭。 武宗會昌三年 (843 年),盧肇進京趕考,高中狀元。當時唐朝科舉考試錄取的名額有限,與盧肇同榜進士者僅22人,而盧肇能夠高居榜首,狀元及第,足以顯示其才華卓越。 為此,盧肇還作了一首詩,曰: “桂在蟾宮不可攀,功成業熟也何難。 今朝折得東歸去,共與鄉 閭 年少看。 ” 盧肇在分宜周圍各縣的遺跡有很多,其中最為人們津津樂道者屬狀元洲,又名盧洲,座落于今宜春城東秀江橋下水中。相傳盧肇在狀元洲讀書時,曾挖了一個很大的池子,用來洗滌筆墨,由于他勤奮異常,竟把這一池水都染成了大墨缸。 明朝萬歷四十三年(1615年),袁州府市民捐資興建了一座“三元閣”,用以紀念狀元盧肇、易重,會元黃子澄,解元易宏器(亦分宜人,明嘉靖二十五年鄉試第一名)四人。萬歷四十六年,知府黃鳴喬又在“三元閣”基礎上興建了“文標閣”,專祀盧肇,后毀于戰禍。清乾隆二十四年重建,還增題二匾額,一曰“秀水文瀾”,一曰“江山文藻”。因此,狀元洲曾譽為“蓬萊”仙島,清人劉長發有詩為證:“一簇寒煙鎖碧流,野僧乘月渡扁舟;人間莫訝無仙島,又見蓬萊第幾洲?” 盧肇的成功除了自身的天賦和勤奮以外,自然離不開名師的教導。唐大和九年(835年),李德裕被貶為袁州刺史,甚是抑郁。時盧肇卻很尊重李德裕,經常投以文卷,請他指點。李刺史對盧肇也很賞識和器重,以弟子師之,經常教他攻讀、作文。后李德裕被赦返朝,官復宰相,然盧肇高中狀元后,卻疏于與李德裕接觸,即使閑居在家多年,他也不肯靠走動人情,求助“恩師”提攜出來做官。盧肇心里自有一套為官做人的標準,正如他的詩文一樣:“誰人得似牧童心,牛上橫眠秋聽深。時復往來吹一曲,何愁南北不知音。”即使在后來的“牛李黨爭”中,盧肇也未曾“奔走于形勢之途”,但也因此未卷入朋黨之爭而遠離禍害之中。所以,世人非常欣賞他的凜然氣節,佩服他有遠見之明。 ▲韓愈畫像 另一個對盧肇起重要影響的人物就是韓愈。公元820年,韓愈被朝廷貶到袁州當刺史,他在袁州的任上做了三件事:一是釋放奴婢;二是赴仰山求雨;三是興教辦學。在這三件事中,對盧肇影響最大的就是興教辦學,請先生、建學校,重視對縣學、府學的管理,強調儒家經典的傳播。 從這個意義上說,落后、封閉、濕熱、缺少文化的偏僻地區袁州,由于來了一個大文化人韓愈,并且力推教化、興學重教,直接推動了袁州的教育和文化的興盛。 錦繡詩文 會昌二年,盧肇和黃頗進京趕考,二人為同窗且都是舉人,皆為袁州的俊杰。當時的袁州刺史是一個嫌貧愛富又見風使舵的人,他見盧肇家境貧困,而黃家卻是當地的豪族,便有意拉攏黃頗,為其一人設宴餞行,卻把盧肇冷落在一旁。盧肇不堪受辱,獨自一人進京趕考。誰知第二年科舉考試完畢,結果盧肇中了狀元,等他披紅掛彩回到袁州時,善于鉆營的刺史馬上又來討好盧肇,并于端午節那天在秀江河畔大擺接風宴。 后來,盧肇作了一首詩,曰:“石溪久住思端午,館驛樓前看發機。鼙鼓動時雷隱隱,獸頭凌處雪微微。沖波突出人齊譀,躍浪爭先鳥退飛。向道是龍剛不信,果然奪得錦標歸。”這首詩表面上看是寫端午節龍舟競渡的場面,實則是諷刺袁州刺史嫌貧愛富的丑陋嘴臉,刺史看了此詩后,羞愧不已。 ▲競渡詩(唐朝 盧肇)(四尺長幅)反白 縱觀盧肇一生,并未因高中狀元而官運亨通,終其一生也只做了歙州、宣州、池州、吉州刺史,充其量不過四品而已。他雖然未能以狀元之榮得到重用,但他為官清廉得到了老百姓的愛戴。 ▲盧肇賦詩圖 盧肇為政之余,勤于筆耕,一生著述甚多,《新唐書·藝文志》輯錄其《海潮賦》一卷、《通屈賦》一卷、《大統賦注》二卷;《郡齋讀書志》有《文標集》三卷;著有《愈風集》《廟堂龜鑒》《盧子史錄》《逸史》《李謩》等一百余卷。著述中比較著名的有《海潮賦》《天河賦》《漢堤詩》等。 在盧肇諸多的作品中,現僅存《文標集》于世,其中包括了他的詩賦和散文。盧肇的書法也寫得很不錯,主要承自韓愈的“撥燈法”,他曾告訴他的弟子林蘊:“吾昔受教于韓吏部,其法曰‘撥燈’,今將授子,子勿妄傳,推、拖、撚、拽是也。訣盡于此,子其旨而味乎!。” 盧肇的文學作品對后世影響力最大的就屬《海潮賦》,他觀日月之運,察盈虛之理而作的《海潮賦》,篇幅巨大,像漢賦汪洋恣肆,文采華麗,波瀾壯闊,足成一家之言,以祛千載之惑。此賦一出,沸傳朝野,唐懿宗賜敕嘉獎,宣付史官傳之萬世。他的道德文章為后世歷代文人所推崇,說袁州“學者不志于古人則已,倘有志焉,舍子發(盧肇)其誰與歸?”“袁之文章節義自肇起”。 附:江西歷代科舉文科鼎甲表 推薦閱讀国产不卡视频一区二区三区,欧美日韩在线视频,成全免费高清大全,国产精品久久毛片
朱虹 馬紅俊:江西第一個狀元盧肇