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“萬步走”對脂肪肝無效?

“萬步走”對脂肪肝無效?

來源:文匯報

“脂肪肝”又名“代謝相關(guān)脂肪性肝病”,強(qiáng)調(diào)了它與全身代謝情況的關(guān)系。這是目前全球常見的慢性肝病,近10年在我國成人中的患病率從15%增加到31%以上。

過多的脂肪長期刺激肝臟會帶來肝炎或纖維化,嚴(yán)重的還會形成肝硬化、肝癌。

脂肪肝僅僅和肝臟有關(guān)嗎?非也。脂肪肝與全身的代謝情況緊密相關(guān),因此飲食、運(yùn)動及生活習(xí)慣對脂肪肝的控制非常重要。于是,有人開啟節(jié)食、運(yùn)動之路,飯后散步一小時、日行一萬步,但會發(fā)現(xiàn)肝臟脂肪含量居高不下。難道一萬步不夠?錯了!醫(yī)生所說的“運(yùn)動”指的是有效運(yùn)動,悠閑散步不算有效運(yùn)動。

以有氧運(yùn)動為例,要達(dá)到高或中等強(qiáng)度的有氧運(yùn)動、并積累一定時間才能算有效。簡單說,在運(yùn)動時,能達(dá)到最大預(yù)測心率(男性:220次/分-年齡[歲];女性:210次/分-年齡[歲])的65%—80%為高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動,達(dá)到最大預(yù)測心率的45%—55%的為中等強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動。每周需要5次高強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動,每次至少30分鐘,才算達(dá)標(biāo)。如果身體條件不允許,當(dāng)達(dá)不到高強(qiáng)度時,也可改為中等強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動,運(yùn)動時間仍為每周5次,每次至少30分鐘。

常見高強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動包括跑步、疾走、快速上坡行走/爬山、快速騎自行車、競技運(yùn)動(如足球、排球、籃球)、搬運(yùn)沉重物品(大于20公斤),一般運(yùn)動時呼吸急促就是高強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動了。

中等強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動有快走、羽毛球、跳舞、園藝、家務(wù)、搬運(yùn)中等重量物品等。符合要求的家務(wù)或工作都可算成有效運(yùn)動。

舉例來說,一名32歲的女性,最大預(yù)測心率是178次/分,高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動使心率達(dá)到115—140次/分,保持約150步/分鐘的速度快走、每次只需4500步就達(dá)標(biāo)了。而慢悠悠散步一萬步反而不達(dá)標(biāo)。

當(dāng)然在運(yùn)動前,最好到醫(yī)院評估肝臟情況,“一人一方案”才能趕走肝臟里的脂肪。脂肪肝專病醫(yī)生還可以指導(dǎo)制定運(yùn)動處方。

文:陳璐(上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬瑞金醫(yī)院感染科醫(yī)生)