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style=\"text-align: left;\">來源: 保健時報\u003c/p>\u003cp>20世紀50年代有專家提出2型糖尿病緩解的概念,這一概念的提出是糖尿病認識史上的重大突破,具有重要的臨床意義,也為許多2型糖尿病患者帶來了希望。\u003cspan style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>什么是2型糖尿病緩解呢?根據2021年美國糖尿病協會的定義,2型糖尿病緩解是指在無降糖藥物治療的情況下,血糖仍可處于達標或正常狀態。\u003c/p>\u003cp>具體標準為:1.停用降糖藥物至少3個月后,糖化血紅蛋白<6.5%。2.在不適用于糖化血紅蛋白檢測或糖化血紅蛋白檢測不規范等情況下,可以用空腹血糖<7.0毫摩爾/升或通過持續葡萄糖監測估算的糖化血紅蛋白<6.5%作為2型糖尿病緩解的替代標準。\u003c/p>\u003cp>2型糖尿病緩解與糾正肥胖或顯著改善體質量、改善脂肪肝和脂肪胰、改善胰島素抵抗和高胰島素血癥、糾正高糖毒性和胰島β細胞去分化及轉分化相關。臨床上,主要是通過“ABCD”四個維度評估患者糖尿病緩解的機會,包括抗體狀態、BMI(身體質量指數)、C肽水平和病程。\u003c/p>\u003cp>那么,該如何去實現糖尿病的緩解呢?一是生活方式干預。包括飲食和運動,是緩解2型糖尿病的基本方案。二是飲食營養治療。限能量飲食、低碳水化合物飲食、間歇性斷食等。三是運動干預。建議每天至少30分鐘的中等強度有氧運動,以及每周至少兩次的力量訓練。四是藥物治療。對于血糖水平高的初診患者,短期胰島素治療可能有助于緩解糖尿病。五是減重藥物。對于BMI≥27的2型糖尿病患者,短期使用減重藥物可能有助于緩解。目前我國唯一被批準用于減重的藥物只有奧利司他,為脂肪酶抑制劑;非胰島素的降糖藥物為胰高血糖素樣肽-1受體激動劑等。六是代謝手術。對于BMI≥32.5的患者,代謝手術(腹腔鏡胃旁路術或腹腔鏡袖狀胃切除術)可能是一種選擇。\u003c/p>\u003cp>對于實現了糖尿病緩解的患者,仍需要定期復查血糖水平,并維持健康的生活方式。同時,還需要根據不同的緩解狀態為患者制定后續的綜合管理方案。對于新診斷的2型糖尿病患者,若預計長期緩解,可長期隨訪觀察血糖變化;若觀察過程中發現血糖不達標或預計緩解期較短,需至醫院就診、評估并制定合理的降糖方案。對于已診斷的2型糖尿病患者,若預計可緩解,可以逐漸進行降糖藥物的降階梯治療,直至緩解,但緩解后仍需長期隨訪觀察血糖變化;若觀察過程中發現血糖不達標,需及時至醫院就診、評估并制定合理的降糖方案。\u003c/p>\u003cp>早期實現糖尿病緩解并維持,可以顯著降低糖尿病并發癥的風險和全因死亡率。值得注意的是,糖尿病緩解并不意味著治愈,患者可能需要持續的干預措施來保持緩解狀態。此外,緩解方案應在醫生的指導下進行,以確保安全和有效。\u003c/p>\u003cp>轉載請注明來源保健時報微信公眾號\u003c/p>\u003cp>作者 || 中華預防醫學會糖尿病預防與控制專業委員會委員 南昌大學第一附屬醫院內分泌科主任醫師 劉建英\u003c/p>","type":"text"}],"currentPage":0,"pageSize":1},"editorName":"吳琳","faceUrl":"http://ishare.ifeng.com/mediaShare/home/549505/media","vestAccountDetail":{},"subscribe":{"type":"vampire","cateSource":"","isShowSign":0,"parentid":"0","parentname":"社會","cateid":"549505","catename":"鳳凰網江西頻道","logo":"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_50/F86BD5D2B95579CB3A28BEFA8E62676479A3460F_size8_w200_h200.jpg","description":"鳳凰網江西頻道是江報傳媒集團和鳳凰新媒體進行的一體化戰略合作","api":"http://api.3g.ifeng.com/api_wemedia_list?cid=549505","show_link":1,"share_url":"https://share.iclient.ifeng.com/share_zmt_home?tag=home&cid=549505","eAccountId":549505,"status":1,"honorName":"","honorImg":"http://x0.ifengimg.com/cmpp/2020/0907/1a8b50ea7b17cb0size3_w42_h42.png","honorImg_night":"http://x0.ifengimg.com/cmpp/2020/0907/b803b8509474e6asize3_w42_h42.png","forbidFollow":0,"forbidJump":0,"fhtId":"53826662","view":1,"sourceFrom":"","declare":"","originalName":"","redirectTab":"article","authorUrl":"https://ishare.ifeng.com/mediaShare/home/549505/media","newsTime":"2024-09-29 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糖尿病即使緩解,仍不能掉以輕心

糖尿病即使緩解,仍不能掉以輕心

來源: 保健時報

20世紀50年代有專家提出2型糖尿病緩解的概念,這一概念的提出是糖尿病認識史上的重大突破,具有重要的臨床意義,也為許多2型糖尿病患者帶來了希望。

什么是2型糖尿病緩解呢?根據2021年美國糖尿病協會的定義,2型糖尿病緩解是指在無降糖藥物治療的情況下,血糖仍可處于達標或正常狀態。

具體標準為:1.停用降糖藥物至少3個月后,糖化血紅蛋白<6.5%。2.在不適用于糖化血紅蛋白檢測或糖化血紅蛋白檢測不規范等情況下,可以用空腹血糖<7.0毫摩爾/升或通過持續葡萄糖監測估算的糖化血紅蛋白<6.5%作為2型糖尿病緩解的替代標準。

2型糖尿病緩解與糾正肥胖或顯著改善體質量、改善脂肪肝和脂肪胰、改善胰島素抵抗和高胰島素血癥、糾正高糖毒性和胰島β細胞去分化及轉分化相關。臨床上,主要是通過“ABCD”四個維度評估患者糖尿病緩解的機會,包括抗體狀態、BMI(身體質量指數)、C肽水平和病程。

那么,該如何去實現糖尿病的緩解呢?一是生活方式干預。包括飲食和運動,是緩解2型糖尿病的基本方案。二是飲食營養治療。限能量飲食、低碳水化合物飲食、間歇性斷食等。三是運動干預。建議每天至少30分鐘的中等強度有氧運動,以及每周至少兩次的力量訓練。四是藥物治療。對于血糖水平高的初診患者,短期胰島素治療可能有助于緩解糖尿病。五是減重藥物。對于BMI≥27的2型糖尿病患者,短期使用減重藥物可能有助于緩解。目前我國唯一被批準用于減重的藥物只有奧利司他,為脂肪酶抑制劑;非胰島素的降糖藥物為胰高血糖素樣肽-1受體激動劑等。六是代謝手術。對于BMI≥32.5的患者,代謝手術(腹腔鏡胃旁路術或腹腔鏡袖狀胃切除術)可能是一種選擇。

對于實現了糖尿病緩解的患者,仍需要定期復查血糖水平,并維持健康的生活方式。同時,還需要根據不同的緩解狀態為患者制定后續的綜合管理方案。對于新診斷的2型糖尿病患者,若預計長期緩解,可長期隨訪觀察血糖變化;若觀察過程中發現血糖不達標或預計緩解期較短,需至醫院就診、評估并制定合理的降糖方案。對于已診斷的2型糖尿病患者,若預計可緩解,可以逐漸進行降糖藥物的降階梯治療,直至緩解,但緩解后仍需長期隨訪觀察血糖變化;若觀察過程中發現血糖不達標,需及時至醫院就診、評估并制定合理的降糖方案。

早期實現糖尿病緩解并維持,可以顯著降低糖尿病并發癥的風險和全因死亡率。值得注意的是,糖尿病緩解并不意味著治愈,患者可能需要持續的干預措施來保持緩解狀態。此外,緩解方案應在醫生的指導下進行,以確保安全和有效。

轉載請注明來源保健時報微信公眾號

作者 || 中華預防醫學會糖尿病預防與控制專業委員會委員 南昌大學第一附屬醫院內分泌科主任醫師 劉建英