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久坐久站、長時間坐車也要當心","imagesInContent":[],"bdImg":"http://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2019_38/AC5B8A2AE18AB61C7067AFFDBBCD12D16295DDA2_w121_h75.jpg","pcUrl":"http://uc737.com/c/8LOC9MJLd7r","url":"http://uc737.com/c/8LOC9MJLd7r","commentUrl":"ucms_8LOC9MJLd7r","skey":"5c1350","voteId":"ucms_8LOC9MJLd7r","isOriginal":"0","contentData":{"contentList":[{"data":"\u003cp>最近氣溫驟降,不僅感冒病人增加,肺栓塞的發病率也在上升。發表在《總體環境科學》上的一項研究認為,低溫是肺栓塞癥狀發作的一種新的危險因素,會使肺栓塞癥狀發作風險增加84%,且影響持續約72小時。肺栓塞是全球發病率前三的心肺血管疾病,死亡率僅次于腫瘤和心肌梗死。什么是肺栓塞,高危人群有哪些?出現哪些癥狀時應高度警惕肺栓塞的發生?\u003c/p>\u003cp>肺栓塞是指體循環的各種血栓脫落,阻塞肺動脈及其分支引起肺循環障礙的臨床病理生理綜合征。北京中西醫結合醫院心內科醫生鄭思道指出,患有靜脈曲張、以前發生過下肢靜脈血栓、創傷或骨折、手術后的患者、肥胖者、吸煙者、孕婦、久坐久臥老年人等都是肺栓塞的高危人群。\u003c/p>\u003cp>長時間處于制動狀態,如久坐久站、長期躺在床上不動、長時間乘坐火車、飛機等交通工具等是導致肺栓塞的常見外因。北京大學人民醫院急診科主任醫師朱繼紅解釋,人體血液在循環過程中需要克服重力作用,靠肌肉收縮力量自下而上運輸,長時間久坐不動或其他制動,肌肉逐漸失去動力,血液則會出現瘀滯,容易發展成血栓。\u003c/p>\u003cp>肺栓塞還與血液高凝狀態存在密切關系。朱繼紅指出,血管有炎癥、肥胖、伴隨心臟疾病、呼吸道疾病等基礎疾病以及腫瘤患者等都會引起血液高凝的狀態。內因加外因更容易出現肺栓塞,如患者本身就存在凝血物質增加或抗凝物質減少的情況,再疊加手術等外因誘導,患者極易出現靜脈血栓,靜脈血栓掉落后,影響到肺動脈,從而出現肺栓塞。如果患者的先天存在某些抗凝物質的缺乏或促凝物質增加的情況,可通過檢查來判斷是否患有易栓癥。\u003c/p>\u003cp>肺栓塞的表現、嚴重程度和血栓的大小、阻塞肺動脈的程度以及患者是否存在心肺等器官的基礎疾病有一定的關系。肺栓塞可表現為胸痛、呼吸困難,或者稍微活動一下就覺得心慌氣短、上氣不接下氣等,嚴重者會出現意識障礙、暈厥等情況。鄭思道表示,小肺栓塞可能不會有明顯的癥狀,可以靠平時多監測、體檢等來發現和及時治療;大面積的肺栓塞起病急,嚴重者可導致猝死。\u003c/p>\u003cp>“如果出現下肢腫脹、有下肢靜脈炎癥以及腳扭傷、腿扭傷等制動問題,同時伴隨胸痛、憋氣等情況,應及時前往醫院檢查。肺栓塞患者通過及時溶栓治療,將堵塞的栓子通開,預后較好,不會出現過多后遺癥?!?朱繼紅提醒。\u003c/p>\u003cp>預防肺栓塞,在日常生活中,應避免久坐。無論是長時間乘飛機、火車等交通工具,還是長時間開車,每隔兩個小時就應活動一下身體,如轉動腳踝或抬高雙腿。如果是住院患者(已經有血栓的患者除外),即便下肢不能自主活動,也建議家人或護理員進行一些按摩,促使其血流通暢,還可以借助一些物理治療方法,包括彈力襪及專門用于下肢的泵等,幫助血液進行循環。此外,戒煙戒酒,多吃新鮮果蔬,避免攝入太多油膩、高蛋白、高脂肪食物,也可減少發生動脈粥樣硬化、靜脈血栓風險。\u003c/p>","type":"text"}],"currentPage":0,"pageSize":1},"editorName":"劉楚慧","faceUrl":"http://ishare.ifeng.com/mediaShare/home/641988/media","vestAccountDetail":{},"subscribe":{"type":"vampire","cateSource":"","isShowSign":0,"parentid":"0","parentname":"社會","cateid":"641988","catename":"新京報","logo":"https://d.ifengimg.com/q100/img1.ugc.ifeng.com/newugc/20200716/11/wemedia/9df69457f5e1b68fa3fa5346c11b70fca491dcb6_size56_w200_h200.png","description":"新京報官方賬號","api":"http://api.3g.ifeng.com/api_wemedia_list?cid=641988","show_link":1,"share_url":"https://share.iclient.ifeng.com/share_zmt_home?tag=home&cid=641988","eAccountId":641988,"status":1,"honorName":"","honorImg":"http://x0.ifengimg.com/cmpp/2020/0907/1a8b50ea7b17cb0size3_w42_h42.png","honorImg_night":"http://x0.ifengimg.com/cmpp/2020/0907/b803b8509474e6asize3_w42_h42.png","forbidFollow":0,"forbidJump":0,"fhtId":"4000000087064790624","view":1,"sourceFrom":"","declare":"","originalName":"","redirectTab":"article","authorUrl":"https://ishare.ifeng.com/mediaShare/home/641988/media","newsTime":"2022-12-02 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低溫使肺栓塞發作風險大增 久坐久站、長時間坐車也要當心

低溫使肺栓塞發作風險大增 久坐久站、長時間坐車也要當心

最近氣溫驟降,不僅感冒病人增加,肺栓塞的發病率也在上升。發表在《總體環境科學》上的一項研究認為,低溫是肺栓塞癥狀發作的一種新的危險因素,會使肺栓塞癥狀發作風險增加84%,且影響持續約72小時。肺栓塞是全球發病率前三的心肺血管疾病,死亡率僅次于腫瘤和心肌梗死。什么是肺栓塞,高危人群有哪些?出現哪些癥狀時應高度警惕肺栓塞的發生?

肺栓塞是指體循環的各種血栓脫落,阻塞肺動脈及其分支引起肺循環障礙的臨床病理生理綜合征。北京中西醫結合醫院心內科醫生鄭思道指出,患有靜脈曲張、以前發生過下肢靜脈血栓、創傷或骨折、手術后的患者、肥胖者、吸煙者、孕婦、久坐久臥老年人等都是肺栓塞的高危人群。

長時間處于制動狀態,如久坐久站、長期躺在床上不動、長時間乘坐火車、飛機等交通工具等是導致肺栓塞的常見外因。北京大學人民醫院急診科主任醫師朱繼紅解釋,人體血液在循環過程中需要克服重力作用,靠肌肉收縮力量自下而上運輸,長時間久坐不動或其他制動,肌肉逐漸失去動力,血液則會出現瘀滯,容易發展成血栓。

肺栓塞還與血液高凝狀態存在密切關系。朱繼紅指出,血管有炎癥、肥胖、伴隨心臟疾病、呼吸道疾病等基礎疾病以及腫瘤患者等都會引起血液高凝的狀態。內因加外因更容易出現肺栓塞,如患者本身就存在凝血物質增加或抗凝物質減少的情況,再疊加手術等外因誘導,患者極易出現靜脈血栓,靜脈血栓掉落后,影響到肺動脈,從而出現肺栓塞。如果患者的先天存在某些抗凝物質的缺乏或促凝物質增加的情況,可通過檢查來判斷是否患有易栓癥。

肺栓塞的表現、嚴重程度和血栓的大小、阻塞肺動脈的程度以及患者是否存在心肺等器官的基礎疾病有一定的關系。肺栓塞可表現為胸痛、呼吸困難,或者稍微活動一下就覺得心慌氣短、上氣不接下氣等,嚴重者會出現意識障礙、暈厥等情況。鄭思道表示,小肺栓塞可能不會有明顯的癥狀,可以靠平時多監測、體檢等來發現和及時治療;大面積的肺栓塞起病急,嚴重者可導致猝死。

“如果出現下肢腫脹、有下肢靜脈炎癥以及腳扭傷、腿扭傷等制動問題,同時伴隨胸痛、憋氣等情況,應及時前往醫院檢查。肺栓塞患者通過及時溶栓治療,將堵塞的栓子通開,預后較好,不會出現過多后遺癥。” 朱繼紅提醒。

預防肺栓塞,在日常生活中,應避免久坐。無論是長時間乘飛機、火車等交通工具,還是長時間開車,每隔兩個小時就應活動一下身體,如轉動腳踝或抬高雙腿。如果是住院患者(已經有血栓的患者除外),即便下肢不能自主活動,也建議家人或護理員進行一些按摩,促使其血流通暢,還可以借助一些物理治療方法,包括彈力襪及專門用于下肢的泵等,幫助血液進行循環。此外,戒煙戒酒,多吃新鮮果蔬,避免攝入太多油膩、高蛋白、高脂肪食物,也可減少發生動脈粥樣硬化、靜脈血栓風險。