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保護聽力應該這么做","imagesInContent":[{"size":22,"width":640,"url":"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/qr/2021_35/AEFC2982676095F0A59ED320FEE18A1792F8AB1E_size22_w640_h180.jpg","height":180}],"bdImg":"http://d.ifengimg.com/w121_h75_q90/x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/qr/2021_35/AEFC2982676095F0A59ED320FEE18A1792F8AB1E_size22_w640_h180.jpg","pcUrl":"http://uc737.com/c/8LBPzOQTVVh","url":"http://uc737.com/c/8LBPzOQTVVh","commentUrl":"ucms_8LBPzOQTVVh","skey":"864820","voteId":"ucms_8LBPzOQTVVh","isOriginal":"0","contentData":{"contentList":[{"data":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://uc737.com/fabu/\" target=\"_blank\" ifengapp-data=\"%7B%22type%22%3A%22web%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fuc737.com%2Ffabu%2F%22%7D\">\u003cimg src=\"https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/qr/2021_35/AEFC2982676095F0A59ED320FEE18A1792F8AB1E_size22_w640_h180.jpg\" alt=\"\" />\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>近日,發表于《英國醫學雜志·全球衛生》上的一項報告發出警告稱,全球有超10億青少年和青年由于不當使用耳機或進入喧鬧場所,面臨聽力受損風險。除了暴露于娛樂環境中的噪音、個人音頻設備音量過大等會帶來聽力損傷風險,頻繁掏耳朵也是影響聽力的不良習慣。\u003c/p>\u003cp>聽力損傷所帶來的危害遠不止聽不清、聽不見。聽力損失導致的交流困難會使其社會情感得不到滿足,如自信喪失、人際交往缺失等,造成整體生活質量下降。聽力損失還與認知衰退有關,《柳葉刀》上曾發布研究指出,由聽力損失導致的癡呆癥風險比例高達9%。聽力損失與老年人認知能力的加速下降有密切關系。聽力損傷患者患心血管疾病、跌倒以及糖尿病風險是正常人的3倍,視力受損、死亡和失智風險分別是正常人的1.5倍、2.5倍和5倍。聽力損傷還會提升32%的住院風險,聽力損傷患者得抑郁癥的風險也較正常人高。保護聽力,避免聽力損傷,應該怎么做?\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>避免長時間處于噪音環境中\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>在強度超過75分貝的噪聲中暴露時間越長,導致永久性聽力損傷的危險性越高。KTV、酒吧、鞭炮等聲音過大都可能會對內耳造成損傷,應盡量避免長時間處于噪音環境中。\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>噪音環境下盡量不戴耳機\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>在嘈雜環境中戴耳機,就得把音量開大到能掩蓋周圍噪音的程度,人體雖然有一定的代償能力,偶爾接觸噪音,不會造成明顯損傷。但長期如此,就會影響聽力。“年輕時這么做可能沒問題,但不意味著很多年以后聽力不會出現問題。”北京中醫藥大學東方醫院耳鼻喉科副主任醫師姜輝建議,在噪音環境下應做到盡量不戴耳機,同時盡量減少戴耳機時間,佩戴時降低耳機的聲音。\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>不要隨便掏耳朵\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>無論使用何種工具都不要隨便掏耳朵,也不建議大家采耳,如果出現耳朵不適,應該到醫院就診。姜輝指出,頻繁掏耳朵引起不適,是耳鼻喉科患者就診的一大原因。外耳道有其獨特生理特點,外耳道有耵聹腺,會分泌耵聹(耳屎),而耵聹對外耳道有保護作用,能防止異物、病毒、細菌等進入,通常情況下,外耳道是一種弱酸環境,可以殺滅一些細菌。耳屎一般會自行脫落,不用刻意去掏。掏耳屎非但不能起到清潔外耳道的作用,反而可能傷害外耳道。“頻繁掏耳朵,容易使外耳道皮膚發炎、紅腫,破壞外耳道正常的酸性環境,滋生真菌。掏耳方式和工具不當,還容易引起鼓膜穿孔等損傷。”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>學會正確擤鼻涕\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>不正確的擤鼻涕方式也可能帶來聽力損傷。北京聽力協會學術委員會委員楊欣怡博士提醒,擤鼻時不能用手捏緊雙鼻孔,這樣鼻涕會向周圍的空腔傳遞,鼻涕逆行躥向鼻竇或中耳的可能性加大。正確的方法是用手按住一側鼻孔,分次運氣,將氣流吹入未按住的一側鼻腔,壓力不宜過大,一側擤完再擤另一側;擤鼻時的壓力以不使耳朵內突然發響以及突然感覺發堵為原則。\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>養成良好生活習慣\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>精神壓力過大、飲食結構不合理、耳毒性藥物的使用等都會對聽力造成影響。保護聽力應盡量避免熬夜;懂得釋放壓力;清淡飲食,避免暴飲暴食。楊欣怡博士提醒,用藥前一定要仔細了解家族史,以排除家族特異性。使用時要嚴格掌握劑量和方法,使用中要嚴密注意不良反應并定期測查聽力,一旦出現耳鳴、耳聾等癥狀時,應立即停藥并采取相應的治療措施。\u003c/p>","type":"text"}],"currentPage":0,"pageSize":1},"editorName":"劉楚慧","faceUrl":"http://ishare.ifeng.com/mediaShare/home/641988/media","vestAccountDetail":{},"subscribe":{"type":"vampire","cateSource":"","isShowSign":0,"parentid":"0","parentname":"社會","cateid":"641988","catename":"新京報","logo":"https://d.ifengimg.com/q100/img1.ugc.ifeng.com/newugc/20200716/11/wemedia/9df69457f5e1b68fa3fa5346c11b70fca491dcb6_size56_w200_h200.png","description":"新京報官方賬號","api":"http://api.3g.ifeng.com/api_wemedia_list?cid=641988","show_link":1,"share_url":"https://share.iclient.ifeng.com/share_zmt_home?tag=home&cid=641988","eAccountId":641988,"status":1,"honorName":"","honorImg":"http://x0.ifengimg.com/cmpp/2020/0907/1a8b50ea7b17cb0size3_w42_h42.png","honorImg_night":"http://x0.ifengimg.com/cmpp/2020/0907/b803b8509474e6asize3_w42_h42.png","forbidFollow":0,"forbidJump":0,"fhtId":"4000000087064790624","view":1,"sourceFrom":"","declare":"","originalName":"","redirectTab":"article","authorUrl":"https://ishare.ifeng.com/mediaShare/home/641988/media","newsTime":"2022-11-24 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超10億人面臨聽力受損風險 保護聽力應該這么做

超10億人面臨聽力受損風險 保護聽力應該這么做

近日,發表于《英國醫學雜志·全球衛生》上的一項報告發出警告稱,全球有超10億青少年和青年由于不當使用耳機或進入喧鬧場所,面臨聽力受損風險。除了暴露于娛樂環境中的噪音、個人音頻設備音量過大等會帶來聽力損傷風險,頻繁掏耳朵也是影響聽力的不良習慣。

聽力損傷所帶來的危害遠不止聽不清、聽不見。聽力損失導致的交流困難會使其社會情感得不到滿足,如自信喪失、人際交往缺失等,造成整體生活質量下降。聽力損失還與認知衰退有關,《柳葉刀》上曾發布研究指出,由聽力損失導致的癡呆癥風險比例高達9%。聽力損失與老年人認知能力的加速下降有密切關系。聽力損傷患者患心血管疾病、跌倒以及糖尿病風險是正常人的3倍,視力受損、死亡和失智風險分別是正常人的1.5倍、2.5倍和5倍。聽力損傷還會提升32%的住院風險,聽力損傷患者得抑郁癥的風險也較正常人高。保護聽力,避免聽力損傷,應該怎么做?

避免長時間處于噪音環境中

在強度超過75分貝的噪聲中暴露時間越長,導致永久性聽力損傷的危險性越高。KTV、酒吧、鞭炮等聲音過大都可能會對內耳造成損傷,應盡量避免長時間處于噪音環境中。

噪音環境下盡量不戴耳機

在嘈雜環境中戴耳機,就得把音量開大到能掩蓋周圍噪音的程度,人體雖然有一定的代償能力,偶爾接觸噪音,不會造成明顯損傷。但長期如此,就會影響聽力。“年輕時這么做可能沒問題,但不意味著很多年以后聽力不會出現問題。”北京中醫藥大學東方醫院耳鼻喉科副主任醫師姜輝建議,在噪音環境下應做到盡量不戴耳機,同時盡量減少戴耳機時間,佩戴時降低耳機的聲音。

不要隨便掏耳朵

無論使用何種工具都不要隨便掏耳朵,也不建議大家采耳,如果出現耳朵不適,應該到醫院就診。姜輝指出,頻繁掏耳朵引起不適,是耳鼻喉科患者就診的一大原因。外耳道有其獨特生理特點,外耳道有耵聹腺,會分泌耵聹(耳屎),而耵聹對外耳道有保護作用,能防止異物、病毒、細菌等進入,通常情況下,外耳道是一種弱酸環境,可以殺滅一些細菌。耳屎一般會自行脫落,不用刻意去掏。掏耳屎非但不能起到清潔外耳道的作用,反而可能傷害外耳道。“頻繁掏耳朵,容易使外耳道皮膚發炎、紅腫,破壞外耳道正常的酸性環境,滋生真菌。掏耳方式和工具不當,還容易引起鼓膜穿孔等損傷。”

學會正確擤鼻涕

不正確的擤鼻涕方式也可能帶來聽力損傷。北京聽力協會學術委員會委員楊欣怡博士提醒,擤鼻時不能用手捏緊雙鼻孔,這樣鼻涕會向周圍的空腔傳遞,鼻涕逆行躥向鼻竇或中耳的可能性加大。正確的方法是用手按住一側鼻孔,分次運氣,將氣流吹入未按住的一側鼻腔,壓力不宜過大,一側擤完再擤另一側;擤鼻時的壓力以不使耳朵內突然發響以及突然感覺發堵為原則。

養成良好生活習慣

精神壓力過大、飲食結構不合理、耳毒性藥物的使用等都會對聽力造成影響。保護聽力應盡量避免熬夜;懂得釋放壓力;清淡飲食,避免暴飲暴食。楊欣怡博士提醒,用藥前一定要仔細了解家族史,以排除家族特異性。使用時要嚴格掌握劑量和方法,使用中要嚴密注意不良反應并定期測查聽力,一旦出現耳鳴、耳聾等癥狀時,應立即停藥并采取相應的治療措施。